> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.reorc.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.reorc.com/data-modeling/data-tests/singular-tests.md).

# Singular tests

Singular tests are simple SQL queries that return failing records of a model or a resource. They are typically used for one-off checks or specific business rules that do not require reusability.

You can use Jinja functions like `ref()` and `source()` to make reference to the target resource.

For example, we can create a singular test that checks for suspicious payments by method in the stg`_payments` table:

```sql
with large_payments_by_method as (
    select 
        paymentmethod,
        amount,
        status
    from {{ source("stripe", "raw_payments") }}
    where status = 'success'
        and (
            (paymentmethod = 'bank_transfer' and amount > 10000) or
            (paymentmethod = 'credit_card' and amount > 5000) or
            (paymentmethod = 'gift_card' and amount > 1000)
        )
)

select *
from large_payments_by_method
```

Notice that the singular test accepts no parameters as it's only applied on the `stg_orders` model.

## Create a singular test

To add a singular test to a model:

1. Open the **Test case template** and select / search for the **Singular Test** template.
2. Fill in the name, description, and SQL contents.

<figure><img src="/files/pRvVkbgOdWSwOQ0g8GzB" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

3. Click **Save**.

Once added, you can verify the test by running the model in [Console](/asset-management/console.md).